Construção e validação da escala multifatorial de atração por eventos mórbidos / Construction and Validation of Attraction for Morbid Events Multifactor Scale

Resumo Objetivo. Este estudo buscou construir e validar a Escala Multifatorial de Atração por Eventos Mórbidos (AMAEM). Método. Do primeiro estudo participaram 252 pessoas da população geral, as quais responderam à EMAEM e a perguntas sociodemográficas. A análise de componentes principais indicou uma estrutura de cinco fatores. No segundo estudo, a amostra foi de 609 pessoas da população geral brasileira, as quais a escala de personalidade e a escala de busca de sensações. Resultado. A análise fatorial confirmatória apoaiou a adequação do modelo de cinco fatores. Adicionalmente, demonstrou ainda que os fatores da EMAEM podem contribuir com a compreensão de características da personalidade e sua associação com o engajamento em comportamentos antissociais.

Abstract Objective. This study aimed to construct and validate the Attraction for Morbid Events Multifactor Scale (EMAEM). Method. Two empiric studies were conducted. 252 people from the general population participated in the first study, in which a main component analysis was conducted to attest the factor structure of EMAEM. In this study, the five-factor model was most suitable. In the second study, the participants were 609 people from the general population that answered personality and antisocial behavior scales, besides EMAEM. Results. Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows the suitability of the five-factor model. Moreover, the EMAEM scale can provide aids to a better understanding of personality traits associated with engaging in risky behavior.

Modelo predictivo de conducta de infidelidad sexual entre personas casadas / Predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons

Resumen La infidelidad marital es relativamente frecuente a pesar de sus consecuencias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo predictivo de la conducta sexual infiel en personas casadas, mediante el análisis de siete variables que participan en el fenómeno de la infidelidad. Se colectó una muestra de 790 personas casadas (53.4 % mujeres y 47.6 % hombres) por rutas al azar en Monterrey, México. Se aplicó la Escala de Valoración de la Relación, Índice de Satisfacción Sexual, Escala de Actitud hacia la Exclusividad Marital, Escalas de Conducta Infiel, Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales y Escala de Engrandecimiento Marital. Se especificó el modelo con 2 variables exógenas correlacionadas (búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y engrandecimiento marital) y 5 variables endógenas (actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital, satisfacción sexual, deseo de infidelidad sexual y conducta de infidelidad sexual). De cada 100 participantes, 6 estaban insatisfechos con su matrimonio, 13 con las relaciones sexuales con su pareja y 20 veían más defectos que virtudes en sus parejas. Además, 83 informaron no incurrir en conductas de infidelidad sexual, 60 indicaron total rechazo hacia la propia infidelidad, 72 no mostraron deseo de infidelidad sexual y 51 reportaron no buscar de sensaciones sexuales. El modelo mostró un efecto grande sobre la conducta de infidelidad sexual, explicando 70.8 % de su varianza, y tuvo un buen ajuste: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03 y SRMR = 0.01. Se concluye que la variable más crítica es el deseo de infidelidad sexual, cuyo determinante más importante es la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. La correlación negativa entre esta última variable y engrandecimiento marital indica que estas 2 variables se pueden modular una a la otra. A su vez, el modelo remarca aspectos de insatisfacción marital y sexual.

Abstract Marital infidelity is relatively frequent despite its consequences. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons, through the analysis of seven variables related to the infidelity construct. A sample of 790 married persons (53.4 % women and 47.6 % men) was collected in Monterrey, Mexico using random route sampling. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Sexual Satisfaction Index, Attitude toward Marital Exclusivity Scale, Unfaithful Behavior Scales, Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and Marital Aggrandizement Scale were applied. A model with 2 correlated exogenous variables (sexual sensation seeking and marital aggrandizement) and 5 endogenous variables (attitude towards infidelity, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, desire for sexual infidelity, and sexual infidelity behavior) was specified. Six out of 100 participants were dissatisfied with their marriage and 13 with sexual relations with their partner and 20 saw more defects than virtues in their partners. In addition, 83 informed not engaging in sexual infidelity behaviors, 60 indicated total rejection towards own sexual infidelity, 72 showed no desire for sexual infidelity and 51 reported not seeking sexual sensations. The model showed a large effect on the sexual infidelity behavior, explaining 70.8 % of its variance, and had a close fit: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P-value = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.01. It is concluded that the most critical variable in the model is the desire for sexual infidelity, whose most important determinant was the sexual sensation seeking. The negative correlation between this last variable and marital aggrandizement indicates that these 2 variables can be modulated one to the other. Furthermore, the model highlights aspects of marital and sexual dissatisfaction.

Comparación de la búsqueda de sensaciones en diferentes niveles de la conducta alimentaria de riesgo en jóvenes / Comparative sensation seeking traits in different risky eating behaviors in young people

Resumen Los objetivos de la presente investigación son describir las conductas alimentarias, así como comparar la búsqueda de sensaciones en diferentes niveles de riesgo alimentario. Se midieron las conductas alimentarias de riesgo y la búsqueda de sensaciones. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de tipo intencional de 1012 jóvenes, de entre 14 y 22 años de edad (M = 16.7). Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres se preocupan más por su peso, vomitan, ayunan, hacen dieta y usan pastillas para perder peso, en comparación con los hombres, quienes practican más atracones y tienen una mayor falta de control al comer que las mujeres. Además, quienes presentan alto riesgo alimentario tienen mayores niveles de búsqueda de sensaciones. La discusión analiza la utilidad de lo encontrado para prevenir los problemas alimentarios en los jóvenes, así como identificar a la búsqueda de sensaciones como un factor de riesgo del comportamiento alimentario dentro de los programas de nutrición y salud.

Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the risk behavior eating and analyze differencces in sensatión seeking into risk disorder eating. A questionnaire was used that included risk eating behaviors and sensation seeking inventory. A sample was use formed by 1012 youths between 14 and 22 (mean 16.7) years old, in México City. The results revealed that the woman concern about weight, vomit, fast, make restrictive dieting and use pills for weight reduce, a difference of the man, this make binge eating, lose self- control for eating, more than the woman. The youths male and female with high nutritional risk have higher levels in sensations seeking. The discussion analyzes the utility for prevent eating disorders in youths and identify the sensation seeking as a risk factor for eating behavior within the nutrition and health programs.

Validación de una escala para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad en personas mexicanas casadas de Monterrey / Validation of a Scale to Assess Attitude Towards Infi delity Among Married Mexicans from Monterrey

Resumen Se ha propuesto que la actitud de rechazo hacia la infidelidad actúa como factor protector de sexo extradiádico, el cual puede tener efectos negativos para la estabilidad de la pareja. La escala de actitud hacia exclusividad marital (ATMES, por sus siglas en inglés: Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale) es un instrumento breve. Se usa en la investigación para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad a la pareja, pero no está validado en México. Este artículo tiene como objetivos validar la ATMES y contrastar un modelo para predecir infidelidad sexual. Se usó un muestreo de rutas al azar. A 727 personas casadas mexicanas (52.8% mujeres y 47.2% hombres) se les aplicó cuatro instrumentos de medida. La consistencia interna de la ATMES fue excelente, su distribución mostró asimetría positiva y se validó el modelo de un factor. Un modelo en el que el deseo de infidelidad sexual predice la infidelidad sexual, el deseo de infidelidad sexual es predicho por actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y estas dos últimas variables correlacionadas predicen actitud hacia la infidelidad, tuvo buen ajuste a los datos. Se concluye que la ATMES es una medida unidimensional, consistente y presenta evidencias de validez de constructo.

Abstract: It has been proposed that an attitude of rejection toward infidelity acts as a protective factor from extradyadic sex, which can have negative effects for the stability of the couple. The Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale (ATMES) is a brief instrument, used in research, but it is not validated in Mexico. The objectives of this article were to validate the ATMES, and to contrast a model to predict sexual infidelity. A random-route sampling was used. A questionnaire composed of four scales was administered to 727 Mexican married persons (52.8% women and 47.2% men). The internal consistency of ATMES was excellent, the distribution of ATMES scores showed positive asymmetry, and the one-factor model was validated. A model, in which the desire for sexual infidelity predicts sexual infidelity, the desire for sexual infidelity is predicted by attitude toward infidelity, marital satisfaction and sexual sensation seeking and these last two correlated variables predict attitude toward infidelity, had a good fit to the data, and was valid for both sexes. It is concluded that ATMES is a consistent, one-dimensional measure, that shows evidence of construct validity.

Development and validity evidence of the Two-Dimensional Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale / Desarrollo y evidencia de validez de la Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV/AIDS, are acquired through risky sexual behaviors that have been associated with sexual sensation seeking. The purpose of this work is development a new scale for the assessment of sexual sensations seeking, with evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationship to other measures, for use in young people and adults in a Latin American context. An instrumental study was performed, with time-space sampling of students from the two Chilean cities with the highest rates of HIV. Final scale has 9 items to evaluate two dimensions: (1) sexual emotions seeking and (2) tendency to sexual boredom. The identified structure provides good levels of reliability and presents validity evidence, based on the internal structure of the test, using CFA and ESEM. Two-dimensional sexual sensation seeking scale evidence proper psychometric properties to evaluate the seeking for sexual sensations in equivalents samples.

Resumen Resumen Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), principalmente el VIH/SIDA, son adquiridas a través de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que se han asociado con la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar un nuevo instrumento de medida para evaluar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en jóvenes y adultos en Latinoamérica. Se realizó un estudio instrumental, con un muestreo espaciotemporal en estudiantes de las dos ciudades chilenas con mayores índices de VIH. La escala final contiene 9 ítems para evaluar dos dimensiones: (1) búsqueda de emociones sexuales y (2) tendencia al aburrimiento sexual. La estructura identificada proporciona niveles adecuados de confiabilidad y presenta evidencia de validez, basada en la estructura interna del test, utilizando AFC y ESEM. La Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales evidencia propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para eva luar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en muestras equivalentes.

Smartphone and Facebook addictions share common risk and prognostic factors in a sample of undergraduate students / Dependência de smartphone e dependência de Facebook compartilham fatores de risco e prognósticos em uma amostra de estudantes universitários

Abstract Introduction To improve the comprehension of the interface between smartphone addiction (SA) and Facebook addiction (FA), we hypothesize that the occurrence of both technological addictions correlate, with higher levels of negative consequences. Moreover, we hypothesize that SA is associated with lower levels of social support satisfaction. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate students from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, with age ranging between 18 and 35 years. All subjects completed a self-fulfilled questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, the Brazilian Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR), the Bergen Scale for Facebook Addiction, the Barrat Impulsivity Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS), and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8). After completing the questionnaire, the interviewer conducted a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results In the univariate analysis, SA associated with female gender, with ages 18 to 25 years, FA, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, low scores in SSSS, high scores in BSSS-8, and high scores in BIS. The group with SA and FA presented a higher prevalence of substance abuse disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders when compared to the group with SA only. Conclusion In our sample, co-occurrence of SA and FA correlated with higher levels of negative consequences and lower levels of social support satisfaction. These results strongly suggest that SA and FA share some elements of vulnerability. Further studies are warranted to clarify the directions of these associations.

Resumo Introdução Para melhorar a compreensão da interface entre dependência de smartphone (DS) e a dependência de Facebook (DF), avaliamos a hipótese de que a ocorrência simultânea de ambas as dependências corelaciona-se com o número de consequências negativas por elas produzidas. Além disso, avaliamos se a DS está associada a níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Método Recrutamos uma amostra de conveniência de estudantes de graduação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na faixa de 18 e 35 anos. Todos os sujeitos preencheram o questionário avaliando dados sociodemográficos e contendo a versão brasileira do Smartphone Addiction Inventory, a Escala de Bergen para DF, a Escala de Impulsividade de Barrat 11 (BIS-11), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (SSSS) e a Escala Breve de Busca de Sensações (BSSS-8). Após o preenchimento do questionário, os entrevistadores realizaram a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Resultados Na análise univariada, a DS associou-se ao sexo feminino, pessoas na faixa de idade entre 18 e 25 anos, rastreio para DF, transtornos por uso de substâncias, transtorno depressivo maior, transtornos de ansiedade, baixos escores na SSSS, altos escores na BSSS-8 e altos escores na BIS. O grupo rastreado positivamente para DS e DF apresentou maior prevalência de transtornos por uso de substâncias, depressão e transtornos de ansiedade quando comparado ao grupo rastreado apenas para DS. Conclusão Na amostra avaliada, a comorbidade de DS e DF se correlacionou a níveis mais altos de consequências negativas e níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Esses resultados sugerem que DS e DF compartilham fatores de vulnerabilidade. Estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer a direção dessas associações.

CUBI-18: Un instrumento para medir tres subtipos de impulsividad / CUBI-18: An instrument for measuring three types of impulsivity

Ante la complejidad conceptual del constructo impulsividad, autores como Whiteside y Lynam (2001) han sugerido que cuando se habla de impulsividad se refiere, a por lo menos, tres o cuatro fenómenos diferentes. Recientemente se ha propuesto un instrumento, adaptado en nuestro medio, para medir simultáneamente tres subtipos de impulsividad basados en esta teoría: el Cuestionario de Urgencia, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad (CUBI, 2017). El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo superador lograr su versión abreviada. La muestra estuvo formada por 675 participantes de la población general de la Capital Federal de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y se previó que no fueran psicólogos ni estudiantes de psicología para evitar variables contaminadoras sobre las respuestas del instrumento. El CUBI-18 se constituyó a partir del análisis de contenido de los 47 ítems originales. Para ello, hubo una selección de 6 ítems por cada escala, de acuerdo a la validez de contenido de los tres subtipos de impulsividad. Se alcanzó un índice kappa del 80% entre dos jueces evaluadores y se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio para reducir los 18 ítems. Para estimar la consistencia interna de los factores obtenidos se aplicó el coeficiente omega. Fue posible reducir los datos extraídos con los 18 ítems en tres grandes dimensiones que se corresponden con los conceptos de Urgencia Compulsiva, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad por Imprevisión. Se prueba que las propiedades psicométricas del CUBI-18 mantienen las alcanzadas por el CUBI original. Esto permite contar con una prueba más breve e igualmente efectiva para la exploración de este constructo complejo.

Given the conceptual complexity of the impulsivity construct, authors such as Whiteside and Lynam (2001) have proposed that, when one speaks of this term, it is referring to at least three or four different phenomena. Based on the theory of the five major personality factors (Costa, & McCrae, 2000) Whiteside and Lynam propose that four subtypes of impulsivity can be drawn from the personological dimensions Neuroticism, Extravertion and Consciousness of the Big five model. These are Urgency, facet of Neuroticism; Sensation Seeking trait of Extroversion; Lack of Planning and Lack of Persistence as part of the Consciousness dimension. An instrument has recently been proposed, adapted to the Argentine population of the Buenos Aires city, to simultaneously measure three subtypes of impulsivity based on this theoretical paradigm. The Questionnaire of Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity (CUBI, 2017). The CUBI does not include the Lack of Persistence of the original model because it is not considered a subtype of impulsivity But if a characteristic associated with Improvidence Impulsivity. The CUBI measures Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. The Urgency scale is related to the commission of compulsive behaviors, whose objective is to alleviate the discomfort caused by emotional stress. The Urgency is a measure of the inability to regulate one's impulses. On the other hand, the items of Sensation Seeking indicate the predisposition of the individuals to the behavioral approach before the signals of rewards and novel stimuli. It is also a measure of intolerance to monotony. Finally, Impulsivity for lack of Planning is a scale that indicates the tendency to act fast, without foreseeing the consequences of the acts themselves. It characterizes individuals who do not use all the information they have available before making decisions. The objective of the present work is to obtain an abbreviated version of CUBI maintaining the content validity of the three types of scale. The sample was constituted by 675 participants of the general population of the Federal Capital of Buenos Aires city of Argentina (57% women). The mean age was 33.5 years (SD = 15.7), with ages ranging from 18 to 81 years. Participants were recruited according to inclusion criteria: they should not be psychologists or students of psychology, they should not be taking psychiatric mediation, nor find themselves being treated for a psychopathological disorder. The CUBI-18 was constituted from content analysis of the 47 original items. Six items were selected for each scale, according to the content validity of the three subtypes of impulsivity. A kappa index of 80% is reached between two judges. The result is a version of 18 items adjusted to the theoretical content. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to reduce the 18 items. Items weighing less than .30 were eliminated following the criteria of Hair, Anderson, Tatham, & Black (1998). All three factors accounted for 53.4% of the instrument's total variance. When comparing the subsamples of men and women emerged the same factor structure without the need to eliminate any item. To estimate the internal consistency of the factors obtained, the omega coefficient was applied. It was possible to reduce the data extracted with the 18items in three large dimensions that correspond to the concepts of Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. It is proved that the psychometric properties of CUBI-18 maintain those reached by the original CUBI. This allows for a shorter and equally effective test for the exploration of this complex construct.

Association between sexual sensation seeking and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the association between sexual sensation seeking (SSS) and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou. Methods MSM aged 18 and over were recruited in Zhitong Charity from June 2017 to April 2018. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and SSS were collected using an electronic questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between SSS and sexual risk behaviors. Results A total of 500 MSM were included in the current study. The mean age of the participants was (27.77±5.96) years old. The multiple logistic regression analyses showed that MSM with high SSS scores were more likely to engage in multiple sexual partners (OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.40-2.30,P<0.001), one-night stand (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.44-3.09,P<0.001), and unprotected anal intercourse (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.16-2.50,P=0.007) than those with low SSS scores. Conclusions High SSS is associated with an increased risk of sexual risk behavior among MSM in Guangzhou. The behavior intervention strategy should be tailored for MSM with high SSS to improve the effectiveness to reduce sexual risk behaviors.

The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction, Self- Esteem, Sensation Seeking and Boredom among College students

Background: In today’s era millennials are caught in the trap of social media addiction which has pervasiveeffects. The present study would examine the social media addiction among 105 college students, betweenthe age range of 18 to 30 years. Previous studies have highlighted that psychological attributes like Anxiety,Depression, Shyness, Loneliness, and Boredom are strongly associated with people who use social mediaexcessively.Methodology: For the purpose of data collection, the tools used are: Social Media Addiction Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Sensation-seeking Scale and Boredom scale. To verify the hypotheses ofthe study statistical analysis used were Descriptive Statistics, Correlation and for further analyses regressionwas carried to see the social media addiction as predictor for the other dependent variables.Results: Results found the significant relationship between social media addiction andn boredom and selfesteem. No significant relationship was found between social media addiction and sensation-seeking.Conclusion: As per the results obtained from the Correlation Hypothesis 1 that is there will be a significantrelationship between Social Media Addiction and Self-esteem and Hypothesis 3 that Social media addictionand Boredom were proved and Hypothesis 2 that is, there will be a significant relationship between SocialMedia Addiction and Sensation Seeking was not proved.

Sensory Processing Disorders are Associated with Duration of Current Episode and Severity of Side Effects

OBJECTIVE: Longer duration of untreated illness, longer duration of current episode, and the severity of medication side effects may negatively impact on the perceived disability and psychosocial impairment of patients with major affective and anxiety disorders. Studies also suggested the involvement of sensory perception in emotional and psychopathological processes. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD), duration of untreated illness and current illness episode, and the severity of side effects related to psychoactive medications. METHODS: The sample included 178 participants with an age ranging from 17 to 85 years (mean=53.84±15.55). Participants were diagnosed with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (50%), Bipolar Disorder (BD) (33.7%), and Anxiety disorders (16.3%). They completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU), and Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire. RESULTS: Longer duration of current episode correlated with greater registration of sensory input and lower avoidance from sensory input among unipolar patients; with lower registration of sensory input, and higher tendency for sensory sensitivity/avoidance among bipolar participants; with lower sensory sensitivity/avoidance among anxiety participants, respectively. Also, mean UKU total scores correlated with lower sensory sensitivity among bipolar individuals. CONCLUSION: SPD expressed in either hypo/hyper sensitivity may serve to clinically characterize subjects with major affective and anxiety disorders.

Relationship between sexual sensation seeking and risk sexual behaviors among young men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association between sexual sensation seeking and risk sexual behaviors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) who were under 25 years old.Methods 403 YMSM were recruited through online publicity,organization of outdoor activities together with HIV voluntary counseling and testing services from May to November in 2013.A total number of 375 (93.05％) valid questionnaires were received.Results Data showed that,among the 375 YMSM,37.9％ had sex with men for the first time without using a condom,55.7％ had multiple sexual partners,51.7％ had one-night stand,and 5.6％ engaged in group sex activities.Results from correlation analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking was positively correlated with four risk sexual behaviors (r=0.247,0.218,0.296 and 0.252,respectively).Data from the Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that YMSM with high sexual sensation seeking were more likely to engage in risk sexual behaviors.Conclusion Sexual sensation seeking was associated with risk sexual behaviors among YMSM.More knowledge and behavior education based on the sexual sensation seeking should be emphasized,as well as increasing the awareness on HIV-related risk sexual behaviors.

Modelo empírico entre busca de sensação e as variações do delinquir em brasileiros / Empirical model between sensation seeking and the variations of the delinquency in the Brazilian

Apesar de existir muitas variáveis que expliquem o delinquir em jovens, os traços de personalidade ainda tem sido, na Psicologia, um construto muito promissor para compreender esse problema, contribuindo como mais uma resposta na intervenção desse fenômeno. Neste trabalho pretende-se desenvolver, a partir da modelagem de equação estrutural, a explicação da variação do delinquir (composto pelo uso potencial de drogas, condutas desviantes e comportamento agressivo) a partir do construto personalístico da busca de sensação. 284 jovens, de 14 a 20 anos, responderam o questionário do uso potencial de drogas, condutas desviantes, comportamento agressivo e busca de sensação. A partir do programa AMOS GRAFICS 7.0, os principais resultados indicaram que o construto busca de sensação se associou à variação do delinquir, na qual se observou uma associação entre uso potencial de drogas, condutas desviantes e comportamento agressivo.

Although there are many variables that explain delinquency of young people, the personality characteristics still have been in Psychology a very promising issue to understand this problem, contributing for an intervention in this problem. In this study we intended to develop, from the modeling of a structural equation, the explanation of the variation of deliquency (related to the potential use of drugs, deviant and aggressive behaviors), based on a personal issue – sensation seeking. 284 youngs, of 14 to 20 years, answered a questionnaire about the potential use of drugs, deviant behaviors, aggressive behavior and sensation seeking. With the software AMOS GRAFICS7.0, the main results indicated that the question of sensation seeking was associated to the variation of delinquency, in which was observed an association among the potential use of drugs, deviant and aggressive behaviors and aggressive.

Búsqueda de sensaciones y hábitos de tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y práctica deportiva en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria / Sensation seeking and habits of smoking, alcohol consumption and sport practice in Secondary School students

Objetivo Analizar la relación existente entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y práctica deportiva en adolescentes. Metodología Los participantes de este estudio han sido 272 escolares de educación secundaria (edad= 14.14±1.35 años), 130 niños y 142 niñas, 93 alumnos del primer ciclo y 179 del segundo ciclo. Se empleó la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones (EBS-J) de Pérez et al. (1987) y para el análisis de los hábitos de vida se utilizó una adaptación del Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998). Resultados El 76% de los niños y el 75.4% de las niñas se declaran bebedores de alcohol (p=0.906); el 36.2% de los niños y el 42.3% de las niñas fuman (p=0.304); y el 92.3% de los niños por el 57.7% de las niñas (p<0.001) son deportistas, práctica que se reduce con la edad (p=0.009). La edad es un factor de riesgo de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol; por el contrario, el sexo no es un factor predictivo de estos consumos. La búsqueda de excitación y desinhibición son factores moderadamente predictivos del consumo de tabaco y la desinhibición igualmente en el consumo de alcohol. Ninguna dimensión de la EBS-J mostró capacidad predictiva de la conducta sedentaria. Conclusiones La BS es un factor de personalidad relacionado con el consumo temprano de sustancias como el alcohol y el tabaco, revelándose algunos de sus rasgos como factores predictivos del consumo de estas sustancias en adolescentes.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sensation seeking activity, consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco, and sport practice in teenagers. Methodology In this study, there were 272 participants, all currently attending high school (age=14.14±1.35 years): 130 boys and 142 girls; 93 first year students and 179 second year students. The Sensation Seeking Scale (EBS-J) of Pérez et al. (1987) was used as well as an adaptation of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998), which analyzed lifestyle. Results 76% of the boys and 75.4% of the girls are reported to have consumed alcoholic beverages (p=0.906); 36.2% of the boys and 42.3% of the girls are reported to have consumed tobacco (p=0.304); and 92.3% of the boys and 57.7% of the girls (p<0.001) are reported to have been athletes, a practice which is reduced with age (p=0.009). Age is a risk factor for tobacco and alcohol consumption; however, sex is not indicative of this consumption. Sensation seeking leads to the consumption of alcohol and tobacco because it creates a necessity for excitement and inhibition. No dimension of the EBS-J scale predicted a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions BS is a personality factor related to the early consumption of substances such as alcohol and tobacco and whose traits were revealed as good indicators of the propensity in teenagers to consume these substances.

Personalidade e comportamentos de risco de motoristas: diferenças entre sexos / Personality and risky behaviours of drivers: sex differences / Personalidad y conductas de riesgo de los conductores: diferencias de sexo

O traço de personalidade procura de sensações está associado a comportamentos de risco na condução, com implicações na vida em sociedade. Este estudo teve como objectivo verificar se o sexo diferencia o traço procura de sensações e a propensão para comportamentos de risco na condução. Foram avaliados 140 motoristas (70 homens, 70 mulheres), com idades entre 25 e 55 anos. Como instrumentos, utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico e as escalas SSS-V e DBQ. Verificou-se que os motoristas masculinos cometem mais infrações e apresentam escores mais elevados na procura de emoção e aventura (TAS), enquanto as mulheres apresentam maior propensão para a busca de experiências (ES) e uma correlação mais forte entre o traço procura de sensações e o cometimento de lapsos e infrações de trânsito. O sexo diferencia o traço procura de sensações e a sua associação aos comportamentos de risco na condução, devendo ser considerado na formação de futuros motoristas.

The sensation seeking personality trait is associated with some risky driving behaviours, which has consequences in society. The aim of this study was to verify whether sex differentiates the sensation-seeking trait and the propensity for risky driving behaviours. 140 drivers were evaluated (70 men, 70 women), aged between 25 and 55 years. The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire and scales SSS-V and DBQ. It was found that male drivers commit more violations and have higher scores in thrill and adventure seeking (TAS), while women are more prone to seek experiences (ES) and a stronger correlation between the trait of sensation seeking and the commitment of lapses and traffic violations. Results suggested that sex differentiates sensationseeking trait and its association to risky driving behaviours, what should be considered in the training of new drivers.

El rasgo de personalidad de búsqueda de sensaciones se asocia con comportamientos de riesgo en la conducción, teniendo implicaciones por la vida en la sociedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si el sexo es diferente en el rasgo búsqueda de sensaciones y en la propensión a las conductas de riesgo en el tráfico. Se evaluaron 140 conductores (70 hombres, 70 mujeres), de entre 25 y 55 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario demográfico y escalas SSS-V y DBQ. Los hombres conductores cometen más infracciones d e tráfico y tienen puntuaciones más altas en búsqueda de emoción y aventura (TAS), mientras que las mujeres tienen una mayor propensión para buscar experiencias (ES) y tienen una fuerte correlación entre el rasgo de búsqueda de sensaciones y la tendencia para los lapsos y las violaciones de tráfico. La diferencia de sexo en el rasgo búsqueda de sensaciones y su asociación con conductas de riesgo en el tráfico, debería tenerse en cuenta en la formación de los futuros conductores.

Análisis de las diferentes dimensiones en el grupo etario de 80 a 90 años / Analysis of different dimensions in the age group 80 to 90 years

El presente artículo busca reflejar el trabajo de investigación y los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de entrevistas sobre emociones percibidas realizadas a mujeres y varones cuyas edades oscilan entre los 80 y 90 años, residentes de las ciudades de Mar del Plata y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Para ello analizamos el material obtenido de un grupo etario a través de cuatro dimensiones integradas: selección, control cognitivo, simulación y búsqueda de sensaciones. Esto permitió analizar el discurso de las personas entrevistadas con mayor profundidad y obtener un conocimiento más amplio de su realidad emocional.Palabras clave: Emociones percibidas; Adultos mayores; Selección; Control cognitivo;Simulación; Búsqueda de sensaciones.

This paper seeks to reflect the research and the results obtained from the analysis of perceived emotions interviews conducted with women and men aged between 80 and 90 years, residents of the cities of Mar del Plata and Buenos Aires. We analyzed the material obtained from an age group through four integrated dimensions: selection, cognitive control, simulation and sensation seeking. This allowed analyzing the speech of the people interviewed in more depth and get a broader understanding of their emotional reality.

Búsqueda de sensaciones / Sensation seeking

La Búsqueda de sensaciones representa la búsqueda de estímulos que evocan altos niveles de activación. Se refiere a un comportamiento proactivo dirigido a adquirir altos niveles de estimulación externa. La Búsqueda de Sensaciones como campo de estudio ha sido explorada casi exclusivamente en personas jóvenes. En el caso de los adultos mayores los estudios realizados son escasos y se vinculan fundamentalmente con la vivencia de ciertas sensaciones negativas -como la soledad y la muerte- y no como una búsqueda de estímulos que evoquen estados positivos. Por este motivo este trabajo tiene como propósito explorar la búsqueda de sensaciones a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se analizaron tres ejes que exploraron la búsqueda de sensaciones, la tipología de sensaciones buscadas, y si estas se modificaron o no con el paso del tiempo. Los resultados muestran que la búsqueda de sensaciones en tanto comportamiento tendiente a adquirir niveles altos de excitación, disminuye con el paso del tiempo, sin embargo a partir de los relatos se puso en evidencia que los sujetos a medida que envejecen no buscan sensaciones nuevas sino que disfrutan de aquellas conocidas. Estos hallazgos suman nueva evidencia acerca de los aspectos positivos en la vejez y efectúan aportes para el desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos de intervención.

The Sensation seeking represents the search of stimuli that evoke high levels of activation. It refers to a proactive behavior directed to acquire high levels of external stimulation. The sensation seeking like field of study has been explored almost exclusively in young persons. In the case of older adults, studies are scarce and mainly relate to the experience of certain negative feelings , such as loneliness and death , and not as a search for stimuli that evoke positive states. For this motive this work has the intention of explore the sensation seeking along the vital cycle. There were analyzed three axes that explored the search sensation seeking, the typology of the sought sensations, the modified or not over time. The results show on that the sensation seeking as a behavior tending to acquire high levels of excitation, diminishes with the passage of time, nevertheless the statements put in evidence that the subjects as they age do not look for new sensations but they enjoy those known. These findings add new evidence it brings over of the positive aspects in the oldness and they effect contributions for the development of new devices of intervention.

Relationship between factors as sensation seeking, general self-efficacy and deviant peers with refusal skills among middle school students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship of sensation seeking,self-efficacy,deviant peers and refusal skills related to strategy on drugs among middle school students.Methods A total of 502 students from two high schools and two vocational schools in Baise city were recruited with age distribution between 14 and 20 years.The study objects were asked to fill the sensation seeking scale,the general self-efficacy scale questionnaire on drug refusal strategies and behavior among peers.Results ( 1 ) Adolescents were more likely to use the Refuse (78.29％) and Leave strategy (77.89％) for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers; (2)The general self-efficacy was negatively associated with the Explain and Leave strategies for initial drug offers and Explain strategy for follow-up drug offers.Sensation seeking was negatively related to the strategies on Explain and Leave for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers.Peer influence was positively associated with both Refuse and Leave strategies for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers; (3)Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and sensation seeking were significant variables that could predict the results from the use of Explain strategy (β =-0.055 and -0.029 ) for both initial drug refusals and follow-up drug refusals and the use of Leave strategy(β =-0.057 and-0.041 ) for initial drug refusals.Conclusion There were significant effects of sensation seeking and self-efficacy in predicting Explain or Leave strategies for drug refusals among middle students.

Alcohol and crime behaviour.

Alcohol use has been shown to be associated with High Risk Behaviour (HRB). However, the exact nature of this association remains to be clarified. 100 male patients admitted with an ICD-10 diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) were studied using both self-report and semi-structured interview. The data was analysed using an Event- analysis technique for the occurrence of HRB, namely Road traffic Accidents, Crime and Violence, Self-injurious behaviour and risky Sexual behaviour. Personality variables were studied using the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, Indian Adaptation and Barratt‟s Impulsivity Scale, version 11. Data was analysed using SPSS, with Independent t-test, chi square and logistic regression. Out of the 100 patients studied 64 of the sample were exposed to HRB. Analysis of the data found evidence that Severity of Dependence, Personality Constructs of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity, and lower Educational status showed significant association with HRB. On logistic regression analysis Lower Educational Status, Sensation Seeking Scores and Severity of Alcohol Dependence were found to predict H R B. The occurrence of HRBs was substantial among patients with ADS, with majority of them involved in road traffic accidents.

Modelos predictivos de conducta disocial por sexos en dos colonias populares / Predictive models of dissocial behavior by sexes in two low socioeconomic status neighborhoods

Introduction Although the characteristics of the adolescent stage favor the emergence of disruptive behaviors, not all adolescents engage in them in equal degree. For the majority of adolescents, the problematic behaviors are limited to an experimentation period and are temporary. However, for some individuals, the first contacts with the disruptive behavior progress to more severe antisocial behavior patterns. The progression of the dissocial behavior from the childhood to the adolescence seems related to a difficult temperament, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, improper relationships with peers, precocious sexuality, poor parent-adolescent communication, arrests by delinquency and repetition. Traditionally, the dissocial behavior has been associated with low socioeconomic status, lack of public services, unemployment, marginalization and schools with unsuitable educational programs. However, current conceptualizations view this problem as much more complex. In communities that have covered the basic needs, even in those that possess a good quality of life, we can find children and adolescents with dissocial behavior that thereinafter become adults with antisocial personality. Therefore, during the last decades, research has displaced its attention from the structural variables to community (lack of attachment with the vicinity, social mobility, and population density), family (bonding, communication, supervision) and personal processes, favoring a biopsychosocial perspective to this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a predictive model of dissocial behavior (as defined by the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale, ECODI27) based on the following predictor variables: a) Parent communication (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empathy (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Assertiveness (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V, SSS-V) and e) Risk socialization (Social Relationship Questionnaire, SRQ, created for this study) controlling for the impression management effect (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding-version 6, BIDR-6). Method A probability sample of adolescents, 14 to 17 years of age, living in two neighborhoods with high indexes of gangs and offenses was collected. Males were 112 and women 86, without statistical difference of frequencies (X² [1, N=196]=3.41, p=.06). All participants resided in San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Pearson's product-moment correlation, partial correlation and stepwise linear regression were used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference in dissocial behavior cases between male and female adolescents (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.00), with Yates' correction: (X² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). The percentage of cases is 18% in women and 45% in men. The total score of the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale (ECODI27) presented significant correlation with social desirability (.47 in men and .44 in women) and its factor of impression management (.53 in men and .47 in women). The self-deception factor was independent in men (r=.18, p=.06), but not in women (r=.26, p=.02). Higher dissocial behavior features were associated with lower scores on social desirability and its factors. The effect of the impression management factor had to be controlled for its statistical significance in men and women. Of the 18 variables of the social relationships questionnaire (SRQ) by the point-biserial correlation coefficient (dichotomic variables) and Pearson's product-moment correlation (ordinal and numerical variables), only four were significantly correlated to the ECODI27 total score: to belong (1) or not (2) to a gang outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb,= .45, p<.01) and in the school (n=133, r pb,= .35, p<.01), to have 1) or not 2) a friend group outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.20, p=.01), as well as to have 1) or not 2) a girlfriend or boyfriend in the school (n=131, r pb=.26, p=.02) and outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.18, p=.01). These correlations were positive, that is to say, acted as risk factors (lower score on ECODI27, more dissocial behavior). The variable of risk socialization was created with the sum of these five variables, giving more weight to the two variables of gangs by their higher correlations, so they are multiplied by two. The created variable has a range of 0 (not risk) to 7 (high risk). Of the 20 variables contemplated, nine presented significant correlation with dissocial behavior in men, after partializing the effect of the impression management: sensation seeking and its four factors (disinhibition, excitement seeking, emotion seeking and boredom susceptibility), risk socialization, total and open communication with the father and perspective taking. In women there were also nine significant variables: risk socialization, sensation seeking and its factors of disinhibition, boredom susceptibility and excitement seeking, total and open communication with the mother, total communication with the father and school grade. The regression models by sexes were calculated with the nine variables whose correlations with the ECODI27 total score resulted significant after partializing impression management. In men the calculation process ended in the fifth step. The model explained 49% of the variance of the ECODI27 total score and was significant (F [5, 106]=21.99, p<.01). Five variables integrated the model: disinhibition (β = -.32), risk socialization (β = -.28), open communication with the father (β = .27), excitement seeking (β = -.20) and perspective taking (β = .16). In women the calculation process ended in the third step. The model explained 40% of the variance of the criterion and was significant (F [3, 78] = 19.38, p<.01). Three variables integrated it: total communication with the mother (β=.33), risk socialization (β=-32) and sensation seeking (β=-.28). Conclusions The results of the present study can only be extrapolated to the population of the two studied neighborhoods and must be handled as generators of testable hypotheses in other similar populations. In addition, their self-report nature must be considered as an additional potential limitation. However, they indicate that the presence of dissocial behavior was high in the present sample, with an intermediate percentage (33%) between high school students (8.5%) and imprisoned offenders (50%). Risk socialization (engaging in gangs, friend group in the neighborhood and precocious sexuality), sensation seeking and little communication with the parent or tutor of the same sex than adolescent in men and women, as well as lack of perspective taking in men, were predictors of dissocial behavior. The sensation seeking was defined in the regression models by the SSS total score in women and by its factors of disinhibition and excitement seeking in men. These data make an attention call to the Council authorities of a propitiatory environment for dissocial behavior. From the obtained models, the intervention must be addressed to eradicate the phenomenon of the gangs; to encourage the internal control or planning and perspective taking in the pupils, through specific workshops within the school subjects of ethic or health care. They also call for the importance to work the open communication, above all with the parent or tutor of the same sex than the adolescent, through these workshops as well as during the meetings with the pupil's parents. Furthermore, to seek occupational-formative opportunities for those adolescents that have left the school seems critical, especially for those of 16-year-old or younger, considering the prohibition of working at that age.

Introducción Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos desarrollar un modelo predictivo de conducta disocial (definida por la Escala de Conducta Disocial de 27 reactivos, ECODI27) con base en las siguientes variables predictoras: a) Comunicación con los padres (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empatia (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Asertividad (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Búsqueda de sensaciones (Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, SSS-V) y e) Socialización de riesgo (Cuestionario de Relaciones Sociales, CRS, creado para este estudio), considerando el efecto del manejo de la impresión (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, version 6, BIDR-6) en las personas encuestadas. Método Se empleó una muestra probabilística de adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de edad que vivían en dos colonias con un alto índice depandillerismo y delitos (112 varones y 86 mujeres). Como técnicas estadísticas se emplearon correlación producto-momento de Pearson, correlación parcial y regresión lineal por el método de pasos progresivos. Resultados Se presentó una diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de casos de conducta disocial entre hombres y mujeres (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.01), con la corrección de Yates (x² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). El porcentaje de casos en mujeres fue de 18% (15 de 82) frente a 45% (50 de 112) en hombres. La puntuación total del ECODI27 presentó una correlación significativa con deseabilidad social (.47 en hombres y .44 en mujeres) y su factor de manejo de la impresión (.53 en hombres y .47 en mujeres). El autoengaño fue independiente en hombres (r=.18, p=.06), pero no en mujeres (r=.26, p=.02). Por su significación en ambas muestras, mayor magnitud e impacto (falseamiento deliberado), se consideró necesario controlar el efecto del factor de manejo de la impresión. De las 20 variables contempladas, nueve presentaron correlación significativa con conducta disocial tras parcializar manejo de la impresión en hombres: búsqueda de sensaciones y sus cuatro factores (desinhibición, búsqueda de excitación, búsqueda de emociones y susceptibilidad al aburrimiento), socialización de riesgo (implicación en pandillas, grupos de amigos en la colonia y sexualidad precoz), comunicación total y abierta con el padre y toma de perspectiva. En mujeres también fueron nueve las variables que se correlacionaron con la conducta disocial: socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y sus factores de desinhibición, susceptibilidad al aburrimiento y búsqueda de excitación, comunicación total y abierta con la madre, comunicación total con el padre y nivel de escolaridad. Socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y escasa comunicación con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo en hombres y mujeres, asi como déficit de toma de perspectiva en varones, predijeron conducta disocial; la búsqueda de sensaciones desde su puntuación total en mujeres y desde sus factores de desinhibición y búsqueda de excitaciones en hombres. Los modelos explicaron 49% de la varianza en hombres y 40% en mujeres. Conclusiones Los resultados del presente estudio sólo se pueden extrapolar a la población estudiada y deben utilizarse como generadores de hipótesis comprobables para otras poblaciones. Por otro lado, su naturaleza de autorreporte debe tenerse en cuenta como otra limitante potencial. Desde los modelos obtenidos, sin embargo, se puede sugerir que la intervención para reducir la conducta disocial en el medio estudiado debería centrarse en erradicar el fenómeno del pandillerismo; fomentar el control interno o planificación y toma de perspectiva en los escolares, trabajándose estos aspectos psicológicos en talleres específicos dentro de materias de ética o salud. Asimismo, parece necesario trabajar la comunicación abierta, sobre todo con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo que el adolescente, tanto en estos talleres como en las reuniones con los padres de alumnos, además de buscar salidas formativas para los adolescentes que han abandonado los estudios.

The mechanism of inhibitory control in sensation seeking:an event-related potential study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the neural mechanism of inhibitory control in sensation seeking by using the event-related potential(ERP) technique. Methods High and low sensation seekers( 16 people in each group ), who were selected according to their sensation seeking scores, performed a Go/Nogo task in which the stimuli possessed two levels of difficulty. Electro- encephalogram(EEG) signals were recorded continuously by a set of 32 Ag/AgCI electrodes. Results For two types of stimuli ( Congruent, Incongruent) :( 1 )The amplitude(FCZ) of Nogo N2 and Nogo P3 were( (1.61 ±4.25)μV,(-2.32±4.55)μV)and((16.44±5.74)μV,(17.00±5.71)μV). (2)There was no significant main effects of group for the Nogo N2 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.31, P=0. 59,η2=0. 01;F(1.30) =0.07,P=0.80,η2=0.002) ,the N2d amplitude( F(1.30) =1.18,P=0.29,η2=0.04;F(1.30) =0.004, P=0.95, η2 ＜ 0.001 ) ,the Nogo P3 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.13, P=0.72, η2 =0.004;F(1.30)=0.28, P=0.60, η2 =0.009) and the P3d amplitude( F(1.30) =0.08, P=0.50, η2 =0.02; F (1.30) =0.56,P=0.46, η2 =0.02). (3)Neither of main effects for the N2 and P3 latency was significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion The inhibitory control is similar across high and low sensation seeking groups,indicating that there is no relationship between the sensation seeking behaviors and the individual inhibitory control.